When it comes to selecting wood for planters on your patio, cedar and redwood are excellent options. They're naturally resistant to rot and insects, making them ideal for outdoor use. To extend the lifespan of your planters, applying a sealant or wood preservative specifically designed for outdoor wood is a great idea. This will help protect them from moisture and UV damage.
For liners, consider using heavy-duty plastic or landscape fabric. These liners can help keep moisture away from the wood, reducing the risk of rot. Just remember to include drainage holes in your liner to ensure excess water can escape.
If you're interested in further reading, the USDA Forest Service provides some excellent resources on wood preservation and the benefits of different types of wood for outdoor projects. Enjoy your gardening!